必看考点10. 语言学之形态学
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考点 |
知识点 |
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词素 |
自由词素(free morpheme)、黏着词素(bound morpheme)、 曲折词素(inflectional morpheme)、派生词素(derivational morpheme) |
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构词法 |
1.派生词(derivation): friend: befriend 2.复合词 (compounding) :bookshelf,pickpocket 3.转类词(conversion):poor, the poor 4.混成词(blending): smoke+fog=smog 5.逆向构词法 (backformation):editor--edit 6.缩略法 (Abbreviation): 首字母缩合词 (acronymy): WTO World Trade Organization; 截词法(clipping): ad与advertisement, 7.新造词 (coinage):coca-cola |
必看考点11. 语言学之语义学
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考点 |
知识点 |
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词与词 |
同义关系(synonymy); 反义关系( antonymy ); 一词多义(polysemy) ; 同音(形)异义(homonymy) 同音异义(homophones) 同形易义(homographs); 上下义关系hyponymy |
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句与句 |
1. X entails Y(Y是X的一个含义(entailment))e.g. He bought some roses.& He bought some flowers. 2. X presupposes Y(Y是X的prerequisite) e.g. He bought some roses. & He had some money. |
必看考点12. 语言学之语用学