专八
Why should Native American students be allowed to have specially adapted educational programs, and what is so different about their learning motivation, compared to that of the Anglo majority?
Native American students, whether young or old, learn by applying principles and skills to their daily lives． In order for these students to learn a skill, or subject, they must first understand how it relates to their everyday life,and how it can help them to stay upon a strong spiritual path． Learning for Native American students, is not motivated by better grades, or awards, but by the success that it will afford them in future, so when learning environment do not address, or even take into consideration, the cultural, and spiritual differences of the Native
American students, future success in life becomes an elusive and unattainable goal． Educational programs for Native American students need to be practical, applicable, and culturally based． The Native American population's educational motivation, as a whole, is more focused on the future utilization of lessons and skills learned,
and the benefit that will be given back to the Native American community． As each individual succeeds educationally, they become a model for others, and give hope that the Native American way of life will continue．
Unlike the majority of Anglo children, for which our current academic models were forged, Native American children suffer from cultural exclusion and identity crises, racism, poverty and isolation, poor role models, familial instability and abuse, poor mental, physical, and emotional bealth, as well as anonymity． Native American students, primarily those in grades K-12, can be categorized as dangerously "at risk"． The cultural hurdles, compounded by those thrown at them educationally, cause many Native American students to drop out, abuse drugs and alcohol, and/or commit crimes to medicate and alleviate their inability to cope with seemingly insurmountable obstacles．
Native American youths have long been at a disadvantage, with regard to post-secondary education, primarily because if a youth does succeed in graduating high school, it is usually by attending a non-Native American program． This limits their ability to interact and succeed in an atmosphere whose predominant cultural alignment is white． While Tuba City High School, which addresses rural, reservation, and isolated students, has been quite successful in raising test scores, graduating more students, keeping substance abuse and teen pregnancy low, it has not provided the Native American youth an opportunity to leam and interact with the white culture that surrounds them． But what of the urban Native American students? What can we do for them?
We can make room for alternative programs specifically designed for the Native American students--programs that will address the need to acclimate these students to urban life and white culture gradually, so that they can develop the skills and education necessary to succeed in a diverse and alien culture．
It cannot be stressed enough, that the first, and most important, skill that we must impart to the Native American students is how to live and exist in a foreign culture, while maintaining a solid identity with their own．We must stop trying to fit the Native American youth into the cultural mold of white society, and allow them to live and learn according to their own culturally specific applications and values, and prepare for academic and personal life beyond the reservation．
We can learn from paragraph 2 that for Native American students
A．everyone has to learn skills useful to their daily lives
B．learning is motivated by scores and awards
C．success is the only motivation for their learning
D．the current educational programs are quite practical and applicable
【结构分析】
第一段和第二段指出针对美国土著学生的教育模式要以实用为基础。他们的学习动机不是成绩和奖励，而是将来能够应用所学知识。
第三段指出与大多数盎格鲁裔学生相比，美国土著学生属于劣势群体，他们遭受着文化排斥、认同危机、种族歧视、贫穷、孤立、家庭不和谐、虐待等痛苦，以至于他们很早就辍学，开始吸毒、酗酒和犯罪，以逃避现实。
第四段指出造成这种后果的原因是美国土著学生还不能成功地适应以白人为主的教育模式。
第五段和第六段指出针对美国土著学生所面临的问题，采取的办法是提供给他们独特的教育模式，让他们能学到可以应用于实际生活当中的理论和技能，同时作者建议为他们专门设计一套可以使他们适应城市生活和白人文化的教育模式。
【试题解析】
本题的出题点在情态动词处(must)。第二段开始提到，无论年龄大小，美国土著学生都要通过将理论和技能运用到日常生活中来学习，他们想要学习某一技能或科目，就必须首先了解其在日常生活中的用处，由此推断他们都要学习对日常生活有用的技能，故选A。该段第三句提到，对于美国土著学生而言，学习的动力不是更高的分数或奖励，而是将所学成功地运用于实践中，但这并不是说成功是他们学习的唯一动力，故排除B和C该段倒数第三句提到，针对美国土著学生的教育模式应该实际、实用一些，并不是说现在的教育模式就很实际、实用，故排除D。
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A．handles
B．obstacles
C．gaps
D．disadvantages
A．Difficulty in raising test scores．
B．Being isolated by others．
C．Lack of the ability to interact with the white culture．
D．Being conservative．
A．Design special alternative programs for them．
B．Teach them how to adapt to urban life and white culture．
C．Teach them how to reject their own culture．
D．Fit them completely into the cultural mold of white society．
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