公共英语四级

单选题根据下面资料,回答题
The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (51)_____
Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft.
(52) _____ . Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concen-trate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an ide-a rather than in a nervous search for errors.
(53)_____ Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.
If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make addi-tions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard com-mands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (54) _____These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.
Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote "The A & P as a State of Mind" wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (55)_____
Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times--and then again--working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be merci-
lessly poked and prodded into shape.
A.  To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.
B. After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular atten-tion to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It´ s probably best to write the introduc-tion last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.
C. It´ s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look ter-rific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.
D. It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.
E. Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy´ s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel´ s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the "A & P-policy" he enforces.
F. In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in "A &P", the student brings to-gether the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel´ s store poli-cies.
G. By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very like-ly discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don´ t use out- lines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a per- fectly correct draft the first time around.
第51题选

参考答案:D进入在线模考
参考译文
削铅笔、整理书桌,做所有其他诸如此类与写作无关之事的时间已经结束了。只有当你不再绕弯子,开始动笔写作,不管是坐着写、站着写还是躺着写,初稿才能跃然纸上。其实,如何写并不重要,重要的是你要付诸笔端。既然你已经将一个话题拓展成为一个初步的论题,就可以整合要点,并着手丰富自己拟订的提纲,暂且不管是什么提纲。
写作要具有灵活性。你的提纲应该引领你从一个要点顺畅地过渡到另一个要点,但是别让它使你草率行文。如果现在你有一个相关且重要的想法,那就将它写进初稿。通过写初稿来理清自己想要表达什么内容时,你将很可能发现一些最初做笔记时未想到的东西。许多优秀的作者根本不拟提纲,而是在写作时发现了条理原则。不要指望第一稿就写出一篇完全正确无误的文章。语法、标点符号和拼写问题可以等到修改时再处理,要把注意力放在你所表达的内容上。通常,当你热衷于探究某个观点而不是紧张地寻找错误时,方可写出好的文章。
为了方便修改,写作时页边距和行距应留得大些,这样你就可以很容易地添加词语、句子和要修改的内容。只在稿纸的一面书写。这样,你就可以比较容易地了解每页纸的内容,而且,如果你需要把某一段剪掉移到别处时,你也不会因此丢失稿纸背面的文字。
如果你使用文字处理软件来写作,可以发挥其编辑功能,仅通过几个简单的键盘指令就可以添加、删除或者移动整个段落。有些软件程序还可以检查出你文章中的拼写及某些语法错误。然而,值得注意的是,虽然刚刚打印出来的整洁的稿子看起来很漂亮,但只有文本中包含的思想内容和表达方式好,文章读起来才会好。许多作者都会很谨慎地将文件储存在磁盘里并且每完成一稿都打印出来,以免停电或其他问题导致资料的丢失。当进行修改时,这些打印稿比屏幕上的内容读起来更方便。
一旦你完成了初稿,就可以删除与主题不相关的材料。并补充一些必要的材料,用以阐明观点,让文章更具说服力。那个写《A&P的心理状态》一文的学生很明智地删除了那段关于Sammy是否表现出对女性有大男子主义倾向的文字。尽管这是一个很有意思的话题,但它与文章的主题无关,因为那篇文章的主题是解释环境如何影响Sammy作出辞职的决定。于是她删除了这一段落,添加了一个描述Lengel对女孩作出乖戾反应的段落,这样她就可以把话题导向Lengel所施行的A&P政策。
记住,初稿仅仅是初稿。你应该一而再、再而三地反复阅读、修改文章,以便阐明并论证自己的观点。最后,你甚至可能得到几个不同的完整版本。这样的话就重新写。段落中的每句话都要围绕这段的主题展开。段与段之间要有连接词语,这样,过渡时就不会让读者感到突兀或困惑。那些拗口、罗嗦的词语或者意义模糊的句子和段落要毫不留情地挑出,仔细打磨,使之最后成形。
答案及解析
本题是顺接关系题。此空格出现在第一段末尾。它前面指出,写作不该受杂事的干扰,包括削铅笔、整理书桌、写作姿势等,只要做好了准备工作就要动笔写。空格后面的内容,则讲到要灵活运用写作提纲。若使第一段内容自然过渡到第二段,中间就需要有一个承上启下的句子将两段内容紧密衔接,因此空白处的内容既要和动笔写初稿有关,也要和写作提纲有关。浏览各选项,D和G可以作为备选项。但是,G选项开头的介词短语是作为已知信息出现的,而空格前面并没提及此信息,故排除。D选项中的“It makes no difference how you write”与前一句的“sit,stand up,or lie down to write”;“whatever outline”与下文的“your oudine”相呼应,内容与上下文相衔接。