Your Career Path Can Lead You AnywhereWe used to be advised to plan o-考呗网

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填空题Your Career Path Can Lead You AnywhereWe used to be advised to plan our careers. We were told to make a plan during the later stages of our education and continue with it through our working lives.(0)_____ some people still see careers in this way. However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic.
Planning for a single career assumes that we set out with a full understanding of our likes and dislikes and the employment opportunities open to us. (9)____ For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.
Our initial choice of career path and employer is often based on inadequate knowledge and false perceptions. But with age and experience, we develop new interests and aptitudes and our priorities alter. The structure of the employment market and, indeed of employment itself, is subject to change as both new technologies and new work systems are introduced (10) _____ We must face the uncertainties of a portfolio career.
It is clear from the recent past that we cannot foresee the changes which will affect our working lives. The pace of change is accelerating , as a result of which traditional career plans will be of very limited use. (11)_____ They will need updating to reflect changes in our own interests as well as in the external work environment. Flexible workers already account for about half the workforce. (12)______ We are likely to face periods as contract workers, self-employed freelances, consultants, temps or part-timers.
Many employers encourage staff to write a personal development development (PDP) (13) Although some people use it only to review the skills needed for their job, a PDP could be the nucleus of wider career plan –setting out alternative long-term learning needs and a plan of self-development.
A report issued by the Institute of Employment Studies advises people to enhance their employability by moving from traditional technical skills towards the attainment of a range of transferable skills. (14) Instead, special schemes should be established to encourage people to examine their effectiveness and to consider a wider range of needs.
A . This dual effect means that the relationship between employers and workers has evolved to such and extent that we can no longer expect a long-term relationship with one employer.
B . It carries an implicit assumption that we ourselves, and the jobs we enter, will change little during our working lives.
C . This growth suggests that a career plan should not be expressed only in terms of full-time employment but should make provision for the possibility of becoming one of the.
D . this is a summary of one’s personal learning needs and an action plan to meet them.
E . Consequently, they must now accommodate a number of objectives and enable us to prepare for each on a contingency basis.
F . However, it warns that employers often identify training needs through formal appraisals, which take too narrow a view of development.
G . Such a freelance of consultant would be constantly in demand.
H . We were expected to work towards that one clear goal and to consider a career change as a bad thing.

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这篇文章是关于career-planning services的，职业生涯的规划问题。文章没有说一些假、大、空的话，句句都很实在，认为人不可能一开始就认清自己的职业方向，不可能一开始就清楚自己喜欢什么适合什么，一切都有一个过程。这些对我们都是启示。
文章第一段开头先说了传统的规划职业生涯的建议。最后一句很重要，揭示了下文的方向：However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic。这一句直接和第二段的空的内容挂钩。一生只追求一个选择是不现实的。
第九空的后面说For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.。这里的this degree of certainty是指代的前面的内容，意思很明白，说的是职业方向不会变化。选项中内容符合这一点的是B：the jobs we enter, will change little during our working lives.
第十题。这一段讲随着技术的变化和新的工作系统的引进，就业市场的结构也会跟着变化。我们必须面对职业生涯的不确定性。很明显，第十空的内容说的是变化，关于employment的，满足这一个条件的选项是A：雇主和员工之间的关系发生了演变，我们已经不能指望与一个雇主保持长久的关系了。
第十一题，这一段是承接上文讲的变化。Change是重点，怎么样适应change。这一空的前面说传统的职业计划的用处已经非常有限（traditional career plans will be of very limited use），这一空的后面讲的是具体的适应变化的方法，用的动词非常明显，updating。所以从逻辑上看，这里填入一个承上启下的表示要变化的句子是最合适的。选E，accommodate a number of objectives，适应一些目标。
第十二题，前面说flexible workers已经占据了劳动力的一半。后面说我们已经进入了一个劳动力市场成分多样化的时期。空格填入的内容应该是和劳动力市场的这种转变有关。选C。C选项this growth指的是前面说的flexible workers所占比重增加，a full time employment和flexible workers是对应的。
第十三题，这题很明显，鼓励员工写个人发展计划（PDP）,后面就是介绍这个计划是什么。D选项，非常明显的答案。
第十四题，这一空前面说建议人们通过从传统的技能转向可转变的技能来增强自己的受雇就业能力（employability）。空格后面的instead很关键，常常说明前面的意思发生了转折。这一空的后面说consider a wider range of needs，考虑一个更广泛的需求。一个instead，一个a wider range of needs，正好可以和F选项里的However和too narrow相对应上。

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1Beyond paperwork
The Danish electronics manufacturer, Oticon, is a leader in the move towards the paperless office, In their cafeteria a huge glass pipe runs from ceiling to floor. When the mail comes in, it is immediately scanned into the computer, shredded, and thrown down the tube to the general cheers of the employees. (0) Having all mail and memos available only as computer files to be read on the screen makes it easy to dispense with large physical storage spaces for people who work at desks (9)
Changing over to the paperless office required a rapid increase in computer literacy, but rather than set up a corporate training programme they turned the problem over to employees. Eight months before the system was installed , they offered each employee a powerful personal computer for use at home in exchange for training themselves to use it. (10)
The big change was not the move from paper memos to computer messages. Oticon realised that the more radical transformation is from written to verbal communication.(11) that adds up to a large number of face-to-face exchanges, a big improvement over memos and the occasional multi-hour sit-down consultation typical of the old culture. People do not send each other memos, they talk. As the CEO puts it, “ We have jumped through the memo wall and gone right to action.”
On the eighth of August 1991 , the company left their old wood-panelled offices .(12) Since then they have cut in half the “ time to market” on new products. The following year, sales and profits grew more than ever before. (13) in fact, despite a downsizing of 15 per cent employee satisfaction is hitting record highs.
Oticon has created an organizational pattern that supports great freedom iof action for individuals and terms. They have tied it together with a minimum hierarchy. The first clear results to show up were in the greater efficiencies generated by the fact that less time needed to be spent on management activities . (14) they also have some investment in the success of the project they choose. Oticon has succeeded in breaking the mould mould and taking a lead in non-bureaucratic organizational design.
A. This saving was possible because when people have real choice in the nature of their jobs, they commit themselves to being responsible for their areas of choice.
B. They were headed for a new building and a new era in communication.
C. Instead, they have large private areas on their hard disks for their correspondence.
D. In spite of this, the physical office layout at Oticon is one of its most charming features.
E. Over 90 per cent accepted , and they organized a club to help one another learn.
F. To facilitate this, the on-site coffee bars have now become the venue for about twenty meetings a day, averaging ten minutes and 2.7 participants each.
G. So, are people happy with the change？
H. Only about ten documents a day, items like legal contracts, escape this treatment.

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2Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course. Invariably this involves role-play based on studies of long-ago triumphs and disasters from a relevant industry ororganization. (0)_H_ The problem is, any experience of decision-making gained from role-play has one obvious shortcoming: it is not real life.
To tackle this dilemma, some of the best-known companies have set up the International Management Development Consortium, which provides a range of executive development programmes for staff members. (9)____ What this means is that they involve ‘action learning’ through real-life situations, and participants work as problem-solving consultants on projects within companies engaged in day-to-day business.
(10)____ Within this they also take training and refresher courses in traditional business skills such as finance, marketing, staff management and strategic planning. These disciplines are taught by a mix of academics, business people and senior managers from Consortium companies who also monitor the consultancy work.
More than 100 of these consultancy projects have been undertaken so far, and many more are to come. (11)____ Generally, those who choose to attend the course come from various countries, reflecting the multi-national nature of companies within the Consortium. (12)____ As a result of this cross-cultural exchange, the people on the course learn a great deal from each other- and often keep in contact on a professional level long after the end of their course.
The Consortium says language difficulties are not a problem when consultancies are undertaken for foreign companies on site. A translator is on hand to deal with difficulties which arise from technical terms or jargon.
(13)____ This is because they are not charged consultancy fees, although a nominal sum is payable for administration. The funding for the scheme is provided by each Consortium member who contributes to the cost of running the training courses, and the amount involved is considerably less than fees charged by leading business schools. (14)____ ‘it is,’ says the Chairman, ‘a real learning experience with techniques that can easily be used back at work..’
A They are being offered by companies who are aware of the benefits of the range of knowledge offered by the people on the course.
B As well as the savings, there are also the dividends it pays in the form of improved staff performance.
C The difference between these programmes and the average executive course, however, is that these courses are based on the concept of ‘live’ consultancy.
D In this way, participants can also benchmark themselves against the best members from a range of Consortium companies.
E This means that within every training group there will be awide variety of experience, which is discussed and explored by the group.
F Typically, groups of up to six course members undertake projects as part of this development programme.
G Another major advantage is that these companies usually get their problems solved very cheaply.
H Managers are typically cast as key figures in these dramas, the comparisons are made later between how they dealt with the fictional situation and the actual event.

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3回答题：
A

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