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填空题Questions 8-12
·Read the extract below from an article about the coffee industry.
·Choose the best sentence from the list on the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.
·For each gap 8-12, mark one letter (A-I)on your Answer Sheet.
·Do not use any letter more than once.
Coffee is worth approximately $50-60bn per annum in terms of world sales. It is a truly international commodity, and today more than 50 countries in the world grow coffee beans. (example) ______I_____. ICO organization helps coffee producers and promotes coffee conumption worldwide. ICO estimates that world production next year will reach 97.5 million bags.11.3 million bags higher than the current year. (8) ____________. As the largest producing country, Brazil is particularly important in the coffee world. In 1994 Brazil was responsible for 25% of world production, Colombia was next with 13.4%, Indonesia had 7.5%, Mexico 4.7%, Guatemala 3.8% and Ethiopia and Vietnam were equal with 3.4%.Coffee is a tough crop, and can be grown in areas where it is difficult or impossible to grow other crops. (9)____________. However, disease is always problem for coffee production, as we can see in some parts of South America at the moment. ICO is active in educating farmers about avoiding disease and dealing with problems when they occur. The distribution chain varies from country to country, explains Pablo Dubois. In most countries the smaller farmers sell their crop to a local trader, who then sells it on to exporters. There are, however, other distribution systems. (10) ____________. Some countries, like Vietnam, have special government marketing organizations for coffee. Coffee prices often vary greatly from one year to the next. In 1997, for example, there was a large rise in the world price, which was immediately felt by the consumer. Rising prices always result in a drop in sales, which will have a bad effect on those developing countries, which are highly dependent on foreign exchange from coffee exports. (11)____________.In the opinion of Pablo Dubois, the biggest problem for his   organisation is to create greater consumer awareness of the different varieties of coffee and different ways of preparing it. (12)____________. ICO is therefore concentrating its promotional activities on Russia and China. It is also encouraging environmentally friendly coffee production, and last year's seminar on coffee and the environment created a lot of interest. The future looks bright for the coffee industry. It is estimated that consumption over the next few years will continue to rise steadily. New markets like Eastern Europe and China are expected to develop fast.
A. As a result, the membership now represents 94% of all exporters and 60% of all importers.
B. In some of these countries, this can amount to as much as 50% of all export earning.
C. In North America, most consumers already have above average knowledge of the range available.
D. For example, frost and wind are particularly damaging to coffee crops.
E. Larger coffee growers, for example, frequently export directly.
F. The main reason for this is higher Brazilian output as production recovers from weather damage to crops.
G. It is cultivated in mountain regions which can only be reached by animal transport, and in other difficult areas where modern agricultural equipment cannot be used.
H. This is because there is a demand for coffee in Germany, and it is also sold in the UK and in the US.
I. This make the coffee industry fairly universal, according to Pablo Dubois, Head of the International Coffee Organisation  (ICO), based in London.

参考答案:暂无进入在线模考
8.F
9.G
10.E
11.B
12.C

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2Japanese McDonald’s
If you always thought of McDonald’s as an all-American company it, may surprise you to learn that the king of McDonald’s franchises is named Fujita and that he doesn’t eat hamburgers. ____1____ By ignoring many of the customs of both his native and his parent company, Fujita has made McDonald’s the top fast-food business in Japan and has changed the face of franchising.
McDonald’s came to Japan in 1970 searching for a Japanese partner with whom to create a Japanese McDonald’s. Fujita was far from the richest potential candidate interviewed, but he was an eager entrepreneur who seemed willing to devote his energies to the new venture. ____2____
Almost immediately, however, Fujita began going his own way. The parent company recommended opening the first Japanese McDonald’s in the suburbs, where most American fast-food stores are located. Fujita had his own ideas. ____3____ He got his way, opened the first Japanese McDonald’s in a department store in Tokyo, didn’t spend anything on advertising. ____4____
McDonald’s learned its lesson from Fujita and has since opened inner-city restaurant around the world. ____5____ While the Japanese seem fascinated with western styles and tastes, they often don’t think of themselves as consumers of American products. So Fujita’s McDonald’s franchises play down their American origins, to the point where, according to Fujita, some Japanese who visit the United States are surprised to find that we have ‘Makudonarudo’, as the Japanese say it, in America too.
A.In fact, Fujita is unusual in many respects, and his uniqueness has made him very rich.
B.McDonald’s took a chance and chose him.
C.Fujita and McDonald’s continue to benefit from each other.
D.Other companies might learn from the way Fujita marketed McDonald’s in Japan.
E.Fujita likes to take credit for a rise in the average weight of his people.
F.And within a year he had broken McDonald’s world record for one-day sales: $14,000.
G.He thought the young pedestrians of Japan’s cities were more likely to give up Japan fish-and –rice diet for a hamburger than were the more traditional suburban dwellers.
H.But Fujita himself prefers noodles to Big Macs.
I.And the Tokyo McDonald’s that once caused an argument is now one of 500 that Fujita owns in Japan.

3Questions 8-12
Read this letter to the editor of The Economist.
Choose the best sentence from the list A-I to fill each of the blanks.
For each bland (8-12) mark one letter (A-I) on your Answer Sheet.
Do not mar4 any letter twice.
One answer has been given as an example.
Sir,
You state on February 13 th that New Mexico has “few natural resources”, ____ example____ In 1991 New Mexico ranked fourth in the United States in production of natural gas, seventh in oil and tenth in non-fuel minerals ____8____ Non-fuel minerals contributed about $ 1 billion and coal $ 509 million.
Taxes from production of fuels and minerals, and lease payments on state lands have been set aside by legislative acts to endow two permanent funds worth about $ 5.65 billion, ____9____ In addition, during fiscal year 1991 , payments to New Mexico from taxes on federal lands were S 108 million, all earmarked for public education.
____10____ About $566 million came from taxes and permanent-fund earnings attributable to oil and gas production. ____11____ Tourism is an important industry in Mew Mexico, yet its economic impact on the public sector is dwarfed by that of mineral production.
New Mexico came through the recent recession in much better shape than most other states. It does not have a deficit. ____12____ States that rely primarily on a sales tax or on an income tax have big problems during economic downturns. Income growth per head in New Mexico averaged 6.1/00 in the year to October 1992-one if the fastest growth rates in the United States.
Charles Chapin
Example: C
A.That it has a broadly based tax structure is an important point.
B.In 1992 it produced more oil than Colorado and Kansas combined.
C.However, the extractive mineral industry in New Mexico is one of the state’s strongest economic forces.
D.During fiscal year 1992 New Mexico raised permanent funds worth about $6.1 billion.
E.The combined value of oil and gas production was $ 2.8 billion.
F.Some 16,000 employees work in the extractive industries and their wages are among the highest of any major industry.
G.The $39 million earned by these funds in 1991 was used to finance education and other public services.
H.Only S 25 million came from agricultural taxes.
I.New Mexico’s extractive mineral industries contribute about a third of the state’s $ 1.9 billion general-fund income in fiscal year 1991.